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The car log book is an important piece of tax substantiation for those who use their vehicle in the course of performing their duties. Most will be familiar with the two main instances where a car log book is required.  

These include:  

• where the individual is claiming a deduction in their personal tax return for work-related car expenses using the log book method, or 
• where the individual or their associate has been provided with a car by their employer and is required to maintain a log for fringe benefit tax (FBT) purposes.

Why is a “good” log book important?

Over the last several years, the ATO has undertaken a motor vehicle registry data matching program to assess the overall taxation compliance of individuals and businesses involved in buying and selling motor vehicles.  

The program involves the ATO requesting details from the state and territory motor vehicle registering authorities where a vehicle has been transferred or newly registered and the purchase price or market value is equal to or exceeds $10,000.

FBT compliance under scrutiny

The initial appeal to some family businesses in acquiring a car through a company or trust is understandable. These entities are generally entitled to claim input tax credits under the GST regime, with the maximum credit capped for the GST inclusive cost of cars that exceed the current car limit.  

Notwithstanding this immediate cash flow benefit, the sting in the tail is that some businesses may not be fully aware of their FBT obligations and may be liable to FBT. Through its data matching process, the ATO has identified poor FBT compliance by family businesses that provide newly acquired vehicles to the business owner or their family members.   

Changes to car expense claims make log books critical

Not to long ago, the government recently changed the way that individuals claim their work-related car expenses. These changes include:

• the cents per kilometre method will use a standard rate of 66 cents per kilometre rather than a rate based on the engine size of the car, and
• the one-third of actual expenses method and the 12% of original value method were abolished because the ATO found that only 2% of taxpayers used these methods.

With the above changes, greater emphasis has been placed on individuals who travel more than 5,000 business kilometres to maintain a valid log book, if they opt for the log book method.  

The log book method will therefore benefit an individual if their estimated deduction exceeds the figure that would result from the 66 cents per kilometre method. The log book method does however require receipts and a log book to be kept. For some, this may require some diligence!   

There’s an app for that

The ATO’s smartphone app containing the myDeductions tool may solve the record keeping dilemma, as it enables the individual to capture receipts for work-related car expenses as well as to enter information for a log book. And there are other apps that can satisfy the requirements under FBT law.  Users should satisfy themselves that such apps fulfil the requirements under the tax law.

What are the requirements for a valid log book?

The purpose of the log book and accompanying odometer records is to determine the business use percentage of the vehicle. As a general rule, the higher the business-use percentage:

• under income tax — the greater the deductions that may be claimed for work-related car expenses 
• under FBT — the lesser the amount of FBT payable for car benefits.

The requirements for maintaining a log book for income tax and FBT purposes are mostly identical, although there are some small differences. The main one is that an FBT log book applies to the relevant FBT year (that is, ending March 31) while an income tax log book applies naturally to an income year (that is, ending June 30).
Things to be mindful of when using a log book include:

• the log book is valid for five years – after the fifth year, a new log book will need to kept.  A new one can be started at any time (for example, if it no longer reflects the business use)
• the log book must be kept for at least a continuous 12 week period – note that the year in which the log book is first kept is referred to as the “log book year”; otherwise it is referred to as a “non-log book year”
• for two or more cars – for income tax, the log book for each car must cover the same period. For FBT, one log book must be maintained for each where multiple cars are provided by an employer
• the log book must reflect the business use of the vehicle – this can be tricky where there is home to work travel, travel between workplaces, or if the individual’s work is itinerant in nature
• odometer records must also be kept – this is crucial for working out the total distance travelled during the year and also for the relevant period that the log book is kept.

What information needs to be kept?

Each log book kept must contain the following information:

• when the log book period begins and ends
• the car’s odometer readings at the start and end of the log book period
• the total number of kilometres the car travelled during the log book period
• the number of kilometres travelled for each journey recorded in the log book (if two or more journeys are made in a row on the same day, this can be recorded as a single journey). The following will need to be recorded:
  • start and finishing times of the journey
  • odometer readings at the start and end of the journey
  • kilometres travelled
  • reason for the journey
• the business-use percentage for the log book period.

Note: The business-use percentage broadly is the business kilometres for the year divided by the total kilometres travelled (obtained from odometer records).

In the ATO’s view, when recording the purpose of the journey, an entry stating “business” or “miscellaneous business” will not be enough. The entry should sufficiently describe the purpose of the journey so that it can be classified as a business journey. Private travel is not required to be shown, but it may help to include in the records to help with calculations.  

Generally, most odometer records will be kept as part of the log book, showing the starting and closing odometer records for the relevant period. 

Tax & Super Australia 
www.taxandsuperaustralia.com.au